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2019 Eunoia

TALEN is developed using the
vegetative pathogen Xanthomonas to
fix the problems of ZFN: its complex
production process, expensive cost,
and frequent malfunctions. The amino
acid sequence that constitutes TALEN
corresponds to a DNA sequence that can
be cut and changed. Thus, it is easy to
change and customize protein. TALEN
uses Fokl as a DNA cutting enzyme like
ZFN, and the two combinations access
the side of the gene and cut the double helix of a cell for it not to reproduce. It was developed in
2009 and used in 2011 for diseases like hepatitis c and hypercholesterolemia.

CRISPR-CAS9 is a genetic scissors technique used most in biotechnology research processes today.
It uses a guide RNA to find a DNA sequence that has a variation and edit the gene using an enzyme,
CAS9. This third generation technique
has the strength of being easy to use
and costing less than first and second
generation genetic scissors. CRISPR,
shaped by repeating DNA sequences
in the reverse direction, has a gene-
cutting function through CAS9 as well. It
doesn’t need to combine to an enzyme
separately like the first and second
generation technologies. However, it
can easily cut another part that wasn’
t intended to be cut. Biotechnology
researchers in the world are finding ways
to identify these weaknesses and fix
them.

39MYEONG-SHIN GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL